containerd是一个高性能的容器（container）伺服系统（查看），部分功能与Docker很像，相当于Docker Daemon模式和更新版的DockerD。

• containerd采用并行启动技术，可以每秒启动上百个容器实例。containerd提供命令行和REST服务接口，里面对容器真正的管理是通过containerd-shim进程来完成。
• 与Docker Engine的一锅烩模式不同的是，containerd并不管理容器的镜像，主要支持OCI（）开放容器标准的镜像，通过runc来启动。
• OCI镜像可以通过Docker镜像转换而来（参见：）。

containerd与大家熟知的Docker可谓相生相克，最新发展出的关系如下图所示。

• Docker从1.11开始，已经支持containerd和runc来运行容器。在DockerD服务启动时自动启动了containerd作为后台进程服务（可以通过ps aux | grep docker查看）。
• 更详细的中文介绍参考：

 

下面是containerd的官方介绍，原文：

About containerd

Containerd is a daemon with an API and a command line client, to manage containers on one machine. It uses to run containers according to the . Containerd has advanced features such as seccomp and user namespace support as well as checkpoint and restore for cloning and live migration of containers. The code can be found on . Containerd is currently available as an .

Built for Performance

Starting 1000 containers concurrently runs at 126-140 containers per second.

Easy to use

Containerd provides a daemon and a command line client to manage containers.

Battle Hardened

Containerd is built on runC, the same container technology powering millions of Docker Engine installations.

Compatible with Docker

Docker images can be run with containerd.

 

Getting Started

Daemon options

$ containerd -hNAME:   containerd - High performance container daemonUSAGE:   containerd [global options] command [command options] [arguments...]VERSION:   0.0.4AUTHOR(S):    @crosbymichael 
    
      COMMANDS:   help, h  Shows a list of commands or help for one command   GLOBAL OPTIONS:   --id "deathstar"                 unique containerd id to identify the instance   --debug                      enable debug output in the logs   --state-dir "/run/containerd"            runtime state directory   -c, --concurrency "10"               set the concurrency level for tasks   --metrics-interval "1m0s"                interval for flushing metrics to the store   --listen, -l "/run/containerd/containerd.sock"   Address on which GRPC API will listen   --oom-notify                     enable oom notifications for containers   --help, -h                       show help   --version, -v                    print the version
    

GRPC API

The API for containerd is with GRPC over a unix socket located at the default location of /run/containerd/containerd.sock.

At this time please refer to the for the API methods and types.

There is a Go implementation and types checked into this repository but alternate language implementations can be created using the grpc and protoc toolchain.

containerd CLI

There is a default cli named ctr based on the GRPC api. This cli will allow you to create and manage containers run with containerd.

NAME:   ctr - High performance container daemon controllerUSAGE:   ctr [global options] command [command options] [arguments...]VERSION:   0.0.4AUTHOR(S):    @crosbymichael 
    
      COMMANDS:   checkpoints  list all checkpoints   containers   interact with running containers   events   receive events from the containerd daemon   help, h  Shows a list of commands or help for one command   GLOBAL OPTIONS:   --debug                  enable debug output in the logs   --address "/run/containerd/containerd.sock"  address of GRPC API   --help, -h                   show help   --version, -v                print the version
    

Listing containers

$ sudo ctr containersID                  PATH                STATUS              PID11                   /containers/redis   running             1406319                  /containers/redis   running             14100

Starting a container

$ ctr containers start -hNAME:   start - start a containerUSAGE:   command start [command options] [arguments...]OPTIONS:   --checkpoint, -c     checkpoint to start the container from   --attach, -a         connect to the stdio of the container

$ sudo ctr containers start redis /containers/redis

Kill a container’s process

$ ctr containers kill -h NAME:   kill - send a signal to a container or it's processesUSAGE:   command kill [command options] [arguments...]OPTIONS:   --pid, -p "0"        pid of the process to signal within the container   --signal, -s "15"    signal to send to the container

Exec another process into a container

$ ctr containers exec -h NAME:   exec - exec another process in an existing containerUSAGE:   command exec [command options] [arguments...]OPTIONS:   --id                                         container id to add the process to   --attach, -a                                 connect to the stdio of the container   --cwd                                        current working directory for the process   --tty, -t                                    create a terminal for the process   --env, -e [--env option --env option]        environment variables for the process   --uid, -u "0"                                user id of the user for the process   --gid, -g "0"                                group id of the user for the process

Stats for a container

$ ctr containers stats -h NAME:   stats - get stats for running containerUSAGE:  command stats [arguments...]

List checkpoints

$ sudo ctr checkpoints redisNAME                TCP                 UNIX SOCKETS        SHELLtest                false               false               falsetest2               false               false               false

Create a new checkpoint

$ ctr checkpoints create -hNAME:   create - create a new checkpoint for the containerUSAGE:   command create [command options] [arguments...]OPTIONS:   --tcp                persist open tcp connections   --unix-sockets       perist unix sockets   --exit               exit the container after the checkpoint completes successfully   --shell              checkpoint shell jobs

Get events

$ sudo ctr eventsTYPE                ID                  PID                 STATUSexit                redis               24761               0

Performance

Starting 1000 containers concurrently runs at 126-140 containers per second.

Overall start times:

[containerd] 2015/12/04 15:00:54   count:        1000[containerd] 2015/12/04 14:59:54   min:          23ms[containerd] 2015/12/04 14:59:54   max:         355ms[containerd] 2015/12/04 14:59:54   mean:         78ms[containerd] 2015/12/04 14:59:54   stddev:       34ms[containerd] 2015/12/04 14:59:54   median:       73ms[containerd] 2015/12/04 14:59:54   75%:          91ms[containerd] 2015/12/04 14:59:54   95%:         123ms[containerd] 2015/12/04 14:59:54   99%:         287ms[containerd] 2015/12/04 14:59:54   99.9%:       355ms